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In the last month of 2019, a new coronavirus has been discovered. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic already has caused major human suffering as well as significant economic loss. The rapid spread of this disease all around the world has made every country to implement lockdown in order to break the chain of Covid-19. The imposed of lockdown in every country all around the world have given a major impact towards political, social, human suffering as well as significant economic disruption. The COVID-19 pandemic has flipped the world of work all over the sides. It having a significant impact on workers' and their families' jobs, lives, and well-being, as well as on businesses around the world, particularly small and medium-sized businesses. This paper aims in exposing the effect of COVID-19 on the economic as well as in the employment globally. As a result, there are a lot of effect from the movement restriction order that have been imposed by the government in each nation. The imposed on movement control order with the implementation of stay at home policy and social distancing have impacted all sectors of economic which has led impact the employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing demand for starch-based bioplastic because of increasing public awareness and also its unique properties such as renewable, biodegradable, abundance, non-toxic and more. However, due to undesirable characteristics such as poor mechanical and lack of water barrier properties have limited their potential. Despite their limitations, much research has shown the effectiveness addition of fillers (organic and inorganic) towards starch-based bioplastic to improve mechanical and barrier properties. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing the effect of organic filler (microcrystalline cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, fiber and starch nanocrystals) and inorganic filler (graphene oxide, eggshell powder, montmorillonite, and titanium dioxide nanoparticle) towards the mechanical and water barrier properties of starch-based bioplastic. Since both of the filler exhibited similar results, it can be concluded that by addition of filler either organic or inorganic into starch-based bioplastic can improve the mechanical and water barrier properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explains the production of vegetable-based ink from the Fabaceae family. It is something that can generate our knowledge about ink because it is friendly to the environment and has vibrant colours compared to other types of ink. In this part, there will be a review of the discovery of vegetable-based ink, the physical and chemical characteristics of the peanut oil used in the making of vegetable-based ink, the different properties for peanut and soy oil, alkali-refined treatment, offset lithography printing, the effect of irradiation towards the peanut oil, and the benefits of using vegetable-based ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaniline (PANI) monolayers can be formed and transferred onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Polyaniline emeraldine base (PANI-EB) was dissolved in methanol to observe the effect of polyaniline (PANI) solubility in alcohol. The results found that methanol provided a higher absorption rate for PANI-EB as compared to other alcohol solvents. The protonation process of PANI-EB to polyaniline salts (PANI-S) with the addition of doping substances, such as p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), caused disruption to the back chain structure of PANI-EB. The elongation effect of the back chain of PANI allowed more reactions to occur and polarons to form. Polaron is important in imparting conductivity properties to materials. Factors such as pH and material concentration were found to influence the monolayer formed with pH 1 and 0.1M PANI concentration to be the study choice. The four-point probe analysis confirmed that PANI-S gave a lower resistance value than PANI-EB. Low resistivity exhibited high material conductivity because resistance is the inverse of conductivity. The formation of a PANI monolayer in a subphase with pH 1 caused the obtained resistance to be low due to the formation of polarons as a result of the reaction on the PANI back chain. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that there were peaks proving that PANI-S had formed through changes in absorption and the existence of new peaks. The particle size of the formed PANI-S was almost equal to the roughness value obtained, which was 1.50 nm. Based on the roughness and even distribution of polyaniline particles, it indirectly indicated that this is a suitable medium for the formation of monolayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deforestation issues were increased dramatically every year especially in order for the production of paper. This was caused by the demand for making paper and furniture from wood sources. The supply of paper nowadays all depends on the wood. This experiment has been conducted to analyses the viability of magnetic pineapple leaves paper as a replacement for paper production and to analyses the morphology properties of pineapple leaves fiber. The introduction of filler in this research is to alter one or more paper properties such as texture, opacity, brightness, basis weight, dimensional stability, ink absorbency and overall printability. Commonly, most fillers are from clay, titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate. Thus, the ferrite magnet was used as the filler to ensure it has the same properties as the commercial filler. The pineapple leaves fiber then will be undertaking Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which was used for characterization. Through the characterization under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the surface morphology of the magnetics pineapple leaves paper was changed due to the effect of the gamma radiation and by the degradation on the pineapple leaves fiber. Besides, for FTIR spectroscopy, the result indicated that pineapple leaves fiber was suitable for papermaking where the absorption peak is between 3400 - 2400 cm−1 and shows the presence of O-H and C-H bonds in polysaccharides for both magnetic and non-magnetic irradiated pineapple leaves paper. The magnetics pineapple leaves paper shows the good properties, as well as other commercial papers and this, will give many benefits to reduce the use of wood for making pulp and one of the efforts towards green technology and new invention on papermaking production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wastewater discharged from industries consist several of harmful chemicals. These chemicals will affect the water resource and it is necessary to maintaining the water quality. Photocatalysis is highly effective and economical process because it can complete the mineralization of the pollutants, only involving UV or solar light, and operate near room temperature have become the advantages of this process. Despites of all the advantages of this photocatalyst, titanium dioxide is capable to act as sensitizer for light which will reduce the redox process due to their electronic structure. The best part is that the titanium dioxide can be chemically activated by light, thus in the industry, self-cleaning for the building often used titanium dioxide which helps the cleaning process become easier. Nitrogen and magnesium will be used as dopants because doping of TiO2 generally found will enhance the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. Hence, this study is significant in order to improve the present method of photocatalysis in treating the wastewater treatment. In effort to find the viable and reliable ways for wastewater treatment, it is necessary to conduct research and study on this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducting polyaniline is unique among conducting polymers on account of its excellent optical and electronic properties. The processing of conducting polymers has attracted considerable attention owing to their possible application in molecule-based electronic devices, such as molecular rectifiers, field- effect transistors, molecular transducers and sensors. Methods that were applied in this study are addition method (powder), liquid homogeneous method and filtration method. The effects of bonding between methanol and Polyaniline emeraldine base (PANI-EB) has been investigated. UV-visible spectrum shows two sharp absorption peaks at 350nm (π- π*) and ∼720nm (polaron bands). FTIR spectra proved there is a distinct increase in wave number when PANI-EB dissolved in methanol which caused by the H-bonding interaction between PANI-EB chains and methanol. Thus this make the PANI-EB molecules change in size that supported by a DLS result. As a conclusion, it indicates that there is interaction between methanol molecules and polyaniline chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]